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Updated: May 15, 2025
The Greek word arktos, answering to the Sanskrit riksha, meant originally any bright object, and was applied to the bear for what reason it would not be easy to state and to that constellation which was most conspicuous in the latitude of the early home of the Aryans. When the Greeks had long forgotten why these stars were called arktoi, they symbolized them as a Great Bear fixed in the sky.
And thus it happened that, when the Greeks had left their central home and settled in Europe, they retained the name of Arktos for the same unchanging stars; but, not knowing why those stars had originally received that name, they ceased to speak of them as arktoi, or many bears, and spoke of them as the Bear. This is a very good example of the philological way of explaining a myth.
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