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A study of the structure and habits of fleas shows that in many respects they are particularly adapted for spreading such a disease as bubonic plague. The piercing proboscis consists of three long needle-like organs, the epipharynx and mandibles, and a lower lip or labium. The mandibles have the sides serrate like a two-edged saw.
The labium is divided close to its base so that it really consists of two slender four-segmented organs which lie close together and form a groove in which the piercing organs lie. When the flea is feeding, the epipharynx and mandibles are thrust into the skin of the victim, the labium serving as a guide.
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