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Updated: May 6, 2025
In order to increase the cleansing powers of the soap solution, some ammonia may be added to it. However, if soap is used for wool-scouring, one thing must be borne in mind, namely, that the water used must not be hard, for if insoluble lime and magnesia soaps are formed and precipitated on the fibre, the scouring will have removed one evil, but replaced it by another.
By using this carbonate of soda you may dispense with soap, and so be able, even with a hard or calcareous water, to do your wool-scouring without anything like the ill effects that follow the use of soap and calcareous water. The safest plan is to work with as considerable a degree of dilution and as low a temperature as are consistent with fetching the dirt and grease off.
The resulting soap is of a brown color, but is perfectly adapted for the purpose of wool-scouring. It should here be mentioned that, in practice, the soap is always made somewhat alkaline; in point of fact, it contains about 2 per cent. of free alkali.
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