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Why ancient and modern Rocks can not be identical. Tests by Superposition and intrusion. Test by Alteration of Rocks in Contact. Test by Organic Remains. Test of Age by Mineral Character. Test by Included Fragments. Recent and Post-pliocene volcanic Rocks. Vesuvius, Auvergne, Puy de Come, and Puy de Pariou. Newer Pliocene volcanic Rocks. Cyclopean Isles, Etna, Dikes of Palagonia, Madeira.
The latter mineral has also been found in small fissures traversing the altered marl, showing that the same cause which introduced the minerals into the cavities of the lava, whether we suppose sublimation or aqueous infiltration, conveyed it also into the open rents of the contiguous sedimentary strata. Ground-plan of dikes near Palagonia. a. Lava. b. Ground-plan of dikes near Palagonia. a.
Lava. b. Dikes of vesicular and amygdaloidal lava are also seen traversing marine tuff or peperino, west of Palagonia, some of the pores of the lava being empty, while others are filled with carbonate of lime.
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