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Updated: July 13, 2025
Menashe was forced to submit, and, contrary to his conviction, weakened his heterodox argument by a number of circumlocutions. These persecutions, however, did not smother the fire of protest in the breast of the excommunicated rural philosopher.
Many were the victims of this petrified milieu, whose protests against the old order of things and whose strivings for a newer life were nipped in the bud. I, p. 380 et seq. Instructive in this respect is the fate of one of the most remarkable Talmudists of his time, Rabbi Menashe Ilyer.
While keeping strictly within the bounds of rabbinical orthodoxy, whose adepts respected him for his enormous erudition and strict piety, Menashe assiduously endeavored to widen their range of thought and render them more amenable to moderate freedom of research and a more sober outlook on life. But his path was strewn with thorns.
Exhausted by his fruitless struggle, Menashe died, unappreciated and almost unnoticed by his contemporaries. A critical attitude toward the existing order of things could on occasions assert itself in the environment of Rabbinism, where the mind, though forced into the mould of scholasticism, was yet working at high speed.
Having conceived a liking for mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy, Menashe decided to go to Berlin to devote himself to these studies, but on his way to the German capital, while temporarily sojourning in Koenigsberg, he was halted by his countrymen, who visited Prussia on business, and was cowed by all kinds of threats into returning home.
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