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Updated: August 1, 2024
As one goes eastwards on that road from Niedenberg to Passenheim, in the triangle Niedenberg-Passenheim-Ortelsberg, the country gets worse and worse, and is a perfect labyrinth of marsh, wood, and swamp. The development of the action in such a ground was as follows: The Russian commander, Samsonoff, with his army running from Allenstein southwards, was facing towards the west.
It was clearly evident by that evening, the 29th of August, that Samsonoff must retreat; but his opportunities for such a retreat were already difficult. All he had behind him was the worst piece in the whole country the triangle Passenheim-Ortelsberg-Niedenberg and his main avenue of escape was a defile between the lake which the railway at Ortelsberg uses.
It was under the command of von Hindenburg, a man who had studied this district very thoroughly, and who, apart from his advantage in heavy artillery, knew that difficult country infinitely better than his opponents. During the Wednesday, the 26th, Hindenburg stood upon the defensive, Samsonoff attacking him upon the line Allenstein-Soldau.
Further, they possessed, drawn from these garrisons, a great superiority in that arm which throughout all the earlier part of the great war was the German stand-by heavy artillery, and big howitzers capable of use in the field. On Wednesday, 26th August, Samsonoff first discovered that he had a formidable force in front of him.
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