counterexpansion

Updated: July 7, 2026

The freer and the more intelligent a people, all things else being equal, the more productive will be their labor over that of a rival's who may be wanting in these regards. The early and unexpected revival and expansion of slavery in the South was thus followed and met by a rapid counterexpansion of free industrialism at the North on an extraordinary scale.

Archibald Henry Grimké - Modern Industrialism and the Negroes of the United States: The American Negro Academy, Occasional Papers No. 12