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Seton-Karr at the very ancient flint works in the Wadi esh-Shêkh, are of very coarse and poor workmanship as compared with the stone-knapping triumphs of the late Neolithic and early Chalcolithic periods. The delicacy of the art had all been lost.
We can thus speak of the "Chalcolithic" period in Egypt as having already begun at that time, no doubt several centuries before the beginning of the historical or dynastic age. By that time the "Bronze," or, rather, "Copper," Age of Egypt had well begun, and already stone was not in common use.
The periods into which the archaeological history of Syria should be divided are roughly, as follows: I. Neolithic and Chalcolithic Age, to about 2000 B.C. II. Bronze Age or Early Hittite, to about 1100 B.C. III. Iron Age or Late Hittite, to about 550 B.C. IV. Persian Period, to about 330 B.C. V. Hellenistic Period, to about 100 B.C. VI. Roman Period. VII. Byzantine Period. I. Neolithic.
Here were established at the beginning of the Chalcolithic stage of culture, we may say, two kingdoms, of Lower and Upper Egypt, which were eventually united by the superior arms of the kings of Upper Egypt, who imposed their rule upon the North but at the same time removed their capital thither. The dualism of Buto and Hierakonpolis really lasted throughout Egyptian history.
It seems that these antiquities date from the very end of the neolithic, or rather to the succeeding 'chalcolithic', age; whether they are really prehistoric, as regards Babylonian history, must until more evidence from stratified deposits is found remain undecided.
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