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Updated: May 27, 2025
John of Aviz, known as the Great, married Philippa of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt; and from this union sprang a line of princes and kings under whom Portugal became one of the leading nations of Europe. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of John the Great, devoted his life to the furthering of maritime adventure and discovery.
So war followed, and John of Gaunt fought with his English soldiers on the side of the master of Aviz, or 'John I., against his wife's nephew, Henry III. of Castile, and during the war he kept his daughters with him in the peninsula. It was in 1378 that John I. married Philippa, the elder of the two princesses.
It was held by Portugal till the house of Aviz was extinguished in Dom Sebastiao, and since that time has belonged to the crown of Spain.
On his death in 1383, Portugal was within an ace of falling into the clutches of Castile, but the Cortes conferred the kingship on a bastard of the royal house, John, Master of the Knights of Aviz; and he, aided by five hundred English archers, inflicted a crushing defeat on the Spaniards at Aljubarrota, the Portuguese Bannockburn.
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