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Updated: June 1, 2025
The highest of these, the little schalmei, was seldom used, but the "soprano schalmei is the primitive type of the modern oboe."
The schalmei is mentioned as far back as Sebastian Virdung's "Musica getuscht und ausgezogen" . Its ancestor was probably the zamr-el-kebyr, an Oriental reed instrument. The schalmei was developed into a whole family, enumerated by Prætorius in the work already mentioned.
It could have been a recorder, the ancestor of the flageolet, which was probably in use in the fourteenth and surely in the fifteenth century. But more probably it was one of the older reed instruments of the oboe family, the pommer or possibly a schalmei.
Early in the Middle Ages the banquet music consisted of any collection of instruments that chanced to be at hand. The instruments are viols and wooden wind instruments of the schalmei family. A bas relief in the church of St. Gregory at Boscherville in Normandy shows an orchestra of several players. This relief is of the twelfth century.
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