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Updated: May 20, 2025
Surrounding the axis cylinder is a thick, whitish-looking layer, known as the medullary sheath, and around this is a thin covering, called the primitive sheath, or neurilemma. The medullary sheath and the primitive sheath are not, strictly speaking, parts of the nerve cell, but appear to be growths that have formed around it.
They consist of a rod, or central core, continuous throughout the whole length of the nerve, called the axis cylinder. This core is surrounded by the white substance of Schwann, or medullary sheath, which gives the nerve its characteristic ivory-white appearance. The whole is enclosed in a thin, delicate sheath, known as neurilemma.
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