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In the apparatus used at University College the coil of compressed hydrogen is passed successively through a jar containing alcohol and solid carbonic acid at a temperature of 80° Centigrade; a chamber containing liquid air at atmospheric pressure, and liquid air boiling in a vacuum bringing the temperature to perhaps 2050 Centigrade before entering the Hampson coil, in which expansion and the self-intensive refrigeration lead to actual liquefaction.
As has been said, it was by adopting this principle of self-intensive refrigeration that Professor Dewar was able to liquefy hydrogen. More recently the same result has been attained through use of the same principle by Professor Ramsay and Dr. Travers at University College, London, who are to be credited also with first publishing a detailed account of the various stages of the process.
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