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On July 24th, the German line ran from Novogard in the north, south of Przasnysz, thence to Novogeorgievsk, then swinging to the southeast below Warsaw it passed close to the west of Ivangorad, Lublin, Chelm, and then south to a point just east of Lemberg. Warsaw at that time was in the jaws of the German nutcracker.
By a joint manifesto, issued on November 4 by the Emperors of Germany and Austria, the ancient kingdom of Poland was revived and Polish autonomy ostensibly re-established. The kingdom was proclaimed with due ceremony in Lublin and Warsaw. The definite territorial limits of the new nation were not set, according to the proclamation, and would not be until the close of the war.
A council of the leaders was hastily summoned. Lublin was a large town garrisoned by some 5000 Russian troops, and even had the whole of the insurgent bands been collected, they would not have been strong enough to attempt a repetition of their late successful surprise, especially, as after that occurrence, the Russian troops would be everywhere on the alert.
Their victorious arms penetrated into Poland, in which they destroyed the cities of Lublin and Cracow; and they even defeated the confederate army of the dukes of Silesia, the Polish palatines, and the great master of the Teutonic knights, at Lignitz, the, most western extremity of their destructive march.
DEMETRIUS. I tender fifty, who will give their oaths, All Piasts to a man, and free-born Poles Of spotless reputation, each of whom Is ready to enforce what I have urged. There sits the noble Prince of Sendomir, And at his side the Castellan of Lublin; Let them declare if I have spoke the truth. ARCHBISHOP OF GNESEN. How seem these things to the august Estates?
But first of all the Galician armies had to face north to take their allotted share in the scheme by driving the Russians back across the railway between Lublin and Kovel.
They mistook me for an Englishman and cried: 'Long live the entente cordiale!" The fiercest fighting of all that preceded the Russian victory at Lublin was in a gorge near the village of Mikolaiff, which the Russian soldiers reverently named the "Valley of Death." The gorge was full of dead men, lying in heaps, according to an officer who participated in the battle.
In addition to the above, let us consult simply the sound of the names of places, and we can form some idea of the extent of races and nationalities. Nowgorod, Kaluga, Pskow are Rossian; Telsze, Szawle, Rosienie Lithuanian; Winszpilis, Gielgawa, Libosie Courland; Lublin, Ostrolenka, Plock Polish; Wlodrimirz, Zytomirz, Berdyczev Volhynian.
Then they went to Suraz, and afterward to Sluck, to the great sorrow of this youth, Zbyszko, who, according to the German custom, had selected the Princess Ryngalla to be the lady of his heart and had promised her eternal fidelity." "Bah!" suddenly interrupted Zbyszko, "it's true. When I heard that, I asked a pious hermit, living not far from Lublin, to absolve me from that vow."
July 29 Warsaw evacuated; Lublin captured by Austrians. August 4 Germans occupy Warsaw. Aug. 14 Austrians and Germans concentrate 400,000 soldiers on Serbian frontier. Aug. 21 Italy declares war on Turkey. September 1 Ambassador Bernstorff announces Germans will sink no more liners without warning. Sept. 4 German submarine torpedoes liner Hesperian.
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