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Updated: June 21, 2025
This differs from the one just described chiefly in that it is single-acting, while the other is double-acting. By single-acting is meant that the air cylinders compress their respective volumes of air once every revolution.
Wright's engine of 1833 used a mixture of combustible gas and air, which operated like steam in a steam engine. This engine had a water-jacket, centrifugal governor, and flame ignition. In 1838 Barnett applied the principle of compression to a single-acting engine.
The first engines were the oscillating type, but were found deficient in power. This led to the construction of single-acting inverted oscillating engines with high and low pressure cylinders, and with admission and exhaust ports to avoid the complication and weight of eccentric and valves.
The cylinder of the engine assuming that it has only a single-acting one, placed with its axis vertical consists of two parts; the upper hot part being lined with plumbago, fire-clay, or other refractory material, and the lower part kept cool by a water casing.
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