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On post-mortem examination the lesions found in these cases are: general hyperæmia of all the organs of the abdominal, thoracic, and cerebro-spinal cavities; marked leucocytosis, with destruction of red corpuscles, setting free hæmoglobin which lodges in the epithelial cells of the tubules of the kidneys; minute thrombi and extravasations throughout the tissues of the body; degeneration of the ganglion cells of the solar plexus; œdema and degeneration of the lymphoid tissue throughout the body; cloudy swelling of the liver and kidneys, and softening and enlargement of the spleen.
With an ivory paper-knife scrape the back of the tongue or the inside of the lips or cheek; place the substance thus obtained upon a glass slide; cover it with a thin cover-glass, and if necessary add a drop of water. Examine with the microscope, and the irregularly formed epithelial cells will be seen. Experiment 2. To examine ciliated epithelium.
According to the first theory, the blood pressure prescribed the measure for the urine secretion; according to the second theory, the urine got secreted from the secretory epithelial cells of the kidneys, and the quantity of the matter secreted was dependent on the rate of movement of the circulation of the blood.
All these facts, involving the exclusion of the possibility of a central influence being exercised from, the heart or from the nervous system on the kidneys, were deemed by the speaker arguments proving that the urine was secreted by the renal epithelial cells.
Meanwhile the pressure thus exerted on the nervi vasorum sets up vascular changes which bring about epithelial changes in more distant areas, the process advancing anteriorly, that is, in the direction of the arteries. This makes the cause, according to Eyles, an inflammatory and trophic phenomenon due mainly to changes following pressure on the vasomotor nerves. Etiology.
The irritation sets up reflex uterine contractions, and so the blood is squeezed out of the distended capillaries and washes away the degenerated cells. The third or reparative stage, as its name indicates, is one of repair, in which by constructive changes the epithelial lining which was thrown off is replaced by new, which is formed in from three to four days.
Thus the ovipositor of the bee has a history, and is not apparently a special creation, but a structure gradually developed to subserve the use of a defensive organ. So the organs of special sense in insects are in most cases simply altered hairs. The hairs themselves are modified epithelial cells.
We want an explanation of the identical behaviour of the first with either of the two latter; and this should be borne in mind that the reaction is not a mere matter of "clearing" of a tissue as the histologist would clear his section by oil-of-cloves or other reagent, but of the construction of a different type of cell epithelial, not connective tissue.
The epithelial odontoma is derived from persistent portions of the epithelium of the enamel organ, and constitutes a multilocular cystic tumour which is chiefly met with in the mandible. The cystic spaces of the tumour contain a brownish glairy fluid. These tumours have been described by Eve under the name of multilocular cystic epithelial tumours of the jaw.
The trade epithelioma varies a good deal in malignancy, but it tends to cause death in the same manner as other epitheliomas. Epithelial cancer has also been observed in those who have taken arsenic over long periods for medicinal purposes. [Illustration: FIG.
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