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Even the number of layers is variable; it was observed to be five in my plants; but in larger roots double this number and even more may easily be met with. Some authors have distinguished specific types among these wild forms. While the cultivated beets are collected under the head of Beta vulgaris, separate types with more or less woody roots have been described as Beta maritima and Beta patula.
Sagina apetala and patula, Spergula media and salina and many other pairs of allied species have differentiating characters of the same value as those of the elementary species of Draba verna. Filago, Plantago, Carex, Ficaria and a long series of other genera afford proofs of the same close relation between smaller and larger groups of species.
Broad and narrow leaves are considered to be differentiating marks between Beta vulgaris and Beta patula, but even here a wide range of forms seem to occur. Rimpau, Proskowetz, Schindler and others have made cultures of beets from wild localities in order to discover a hypothetical common ancestor of all the present cultivated types.
In the annuals the stems may vary from erect to ascending, and the name patula indicates stems which are densely branching from the base with widely spreading branches throughout. Mr. Em. von Proskowetz of Kwassitz, Austria, kindly sent me seeds of this Beta patula, the variability of which was so great in my cultures as to range from nearly typical sugar-beets to the thin woody type of Bukharest.
These researches point to the B. patula as the probable ancestor, but of course they were not made to decide the question as to whether the origination of the several now existing types had taken place before or during culture.
Cuming and Hinds of about 2000 shells from the eastern and western coasts of America, only one single shell was found in common, namely, the Purpura patula, which inhabits the West Indies, the coast of Panama, and the Galapagos.
Cuming and Hinds of about 2000 shells from the eastern and western coasts of America, only one single shell was found in common, namely, the Purpura patula, which inhabits the West Indies, the coast of Panama, and the Galapagos.
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