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Some verses were published, which displayed the present calamities of his reign, and anticipated the future. Asper et immitis, breviter vis omnia dicam? Dispeream si te mater amare potest. Non es eques, quare? non sunt tibi millia centum? Omnia si quaeras, et Rhodos exsilium est. Aurea mutasti Saturni saecula, Caesar: Incolumi nam te, ferrea semper erunt.
The Sabbath was the day supposed to be specially devoted to him. The first day of the week was, therefore, given to Saturn. Dies Saturni, dies Solis, dies Lunae, dies Martis, dies Mercurri, dies Jovis, and dies Veneris. See Dion Cassius, Historia Romana, lib. xxxvii. c. 18. Dion Cassius gives a second account of the distribution, depending on the twenty-four hours of the day.
It was not until 1656 that Huyghens, in his small pamphlet De Saturni Luna Observatio Nova, was able to suggest in a cypher the ring form; and in 1659, in his Systema Saturnium, he gave his reasons and translated the cypher: "The planet is surrounded by a slender flat ring, everywhere distinct from its surface, and inclined to the ecliptic."
We give the Latin names with the modern French and over against them the English, in which the names of the German gods appear more clearly than in modern German: Dies Solis, the Sun's day=Sunday. In German this is Donnerstag, the day of Donar=Thor. Dies Saturni retains the Latin god's name in our Saturday.
For Saturnalia it is, in most respects just like the festa of the Ancient Romans, with its Saturni septem dies, its uproar of "Io Saturnalia!" in the streets, and all its mad frolic. Truly, the ways of the Church are as wonderful as they are infallible! But all is over now.
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