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70: This is their title in Florio's translation: Morall, Politike, Millitarie Discourses of Lo. Michaell de Montaigne, Knight of the noble order of Saint Michaell, and one of the Gentlemen in ordinary of the French King Henry III. his Chamber. 71: The sonnet runs thus: To the Right Honourable Ladie Elizabeth Grey.
The poems of "this last sort" which Puttenham had in mind were anagrams, emblems, and such trifling verse especially, which, as he says, have been objected to by some grave and theological heads as "to none edification nor instruction, either of morall vertue or otherwise behooffull for the commonwealth."
Spenser's purpose, as indicated in a letter to Raleigh which introduces the poem, is as follows: To pourtraict in Arthure, before he was king, the image of a brave Knight, perfected in the twelve private Morall Vertues, as Aristotle hath devised; which is the purpose of these first twelve bookes: which if I finde to be well accepted, I may be perhaps encoraged to frame the other part of Polliticke Vertues in his person, after that hee came to be king.
It is the art, says Hawes, to cloak the meaning under misty figures of many colors, as the old poets did, who took similitudes from beasts and birds. And under colour of this beste, pryvely The morall sense they cloake full subtyly. The poets write, he continues, under a misty cloud of covert likeness.
Spenser says: "I labour to pourtraict in Arthure, before he was King, the image of a brave knight, perfected in the twelve private morall vertues, as Aristotle hath devised." Twelve Knights personifying twelve Virtues were to fight with their opposing Vices, and the twelve books were to tell the story of the conflict.
For neither Moses, nor Abraham pretended to Prophecy by possession of a Spirit; but from the voyce of God; or by a Vision or Dream: Nor is there any thing in his Law, Morall, or Ceremoniall, by which they were taught, there was any such Enthusiasme; or any Possession. The Scriptures by the Spirit of God in man, mean a mans spirit, enclined to Godlinesse.
3: Ibid. 9. 5: The Essayes, or Morall, Politike, and Millitarie Discourses of Lo. Michaell de Montaigne, London, 1603, p. 256. 6: Sainte-Beuve. 7: Essay II. 17, p. 71. 9: Essay I. 26, 257. Florio, 252. 12: Essay II. 12, 297. Florio, 266. 13: Part of an inscription still legible in Montaigne's castle. 14: Essay II. 12. 17: Essay III. 1 21: Essay III. 13. 25: Ibid. 27: Essay III. 10. 28: Ibid. 12.
And Yet Easie The same Lawes, because they oblige onely to a desire, and endeavour, I mean an unfeigned and constant endeavour, are easie to be observed. For in that they require nothing but endeavour; he that endeavoureth their performance, fulfilleth them; and he that fulfilleth the Law, is Just. The Science Of These Lawes, Is The True Morall Philosophy
The Originall Of The Kingdome Of God This is it which is called the Old Covenant, or Testament; and containeth a Contract between God and Abraham; by which Abraham obligeth himself, and his posterity, in a peculiar manner to be subject to Gods positive Law; for to the Law Morall he was obliged before, as by an Oath of Allegiance. That The Kingdome Of God Is Properly His Civill Soveraignty Over
And now, considering how different this Doctrine is, from the Practise of the greatest part of the world, especially of these Western parts, that have received their Morall learning from Rome, and Athens; and how much depth of Morall Philosophy is required, in them that have the Administration of the Soveraign Power; I am at the point of believing this my labour, as uselesse, and the Common-wealth of Plato; For he also is of opinion that it is impossible for the disorders of State, and change of Governments by Civill Warre, ever to be taken away, till Soveraigns be Philosophers.
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