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Then frequens comes to be used of actions or events that often recur; e.g. Orat. 15 Demosthenes frequens Platonis auditor; De Or. 1, 243 frequens te audivi. On the use of the adj. here see A. 191; G. 324, Rem. 6; H. 443. ULTRO: 'unasked', 'of my own motion', a reference to the well-known story that, whatever subject was discussed, Cato gave as his opinion 'delenda est Carthago'. See Introd.
MALE COGITANTI: 'which has now for a long time been plotting mischief'; A. 290, a; G. 671, 221; H. 549, 4; 467, III. 2. Cf. pro Sulla 70 nefarie cogitare; for the use of the adverb see n. on 16 sic. On Cato's attitude toward Carthage see Introd. VERERI: the construction is unusual. Vereor regularly takes after it an accusative, or else a clause with ne or ut. A passage much resembling this is Rab.
SCIPIONES: 'men like Scipio', i.e. the elder Africanus; so 15 Fabricii Curii Coruncanii. Cicero has here put his own opinion of Scipio into the mouth of Cato, who, during a large part of his life, was a staunch and even bitter opponent of Scipio, and therefore not likely to couple him with Fabius. Cf. Introd.
UTINAM ... ESSET: esset here gives a greater appearance of modesty than would been expressed by sit: 'would it were, as it certainly is not'. A. 267; G. 253; H. 483, 2. COGNOMINE: Cato bore the title sapiens, even in his lifetime; see Introd. Cognomen is used in good Latin to denote both the family name and the acquired by-name; in late Latin this latter is denoted by agnomen.
It is true that esse in such cases is very seldom separated from the word on which it depends, but esse potest is just as common as potest esse; the difference to the sense is one of emphasis only, the esse having more emphasis thrown on it in the latter case. MIHI ... VIDENTUR: see Introd. HABENT RATIONEM CUM 'they have their reckonings with', 'their dealings with'; a phrase of book-keeping.
He several times confesses this as regards Lucullus and Catulus in the Academica, and as regards Antonius in the De Oratore. FERAT: subjunctive because embodying the sentiment of Laelius and Scipio. Roby, 1744; Madvig, 357; H. 516, II. SUIS LIBRIS etc.: for the allusions here to Cato's life, works, and opinions see Introd.
Compare Gower's account of the machinations of the Lombards, op. cit., pp. 281-2. See the clear account of all these operations in Mr Malden's introduction to the Cely Papers, pp. xi-xiii, xxxviii. Ibid., p. vii. Cely Papers, pp. 194-6; and see Introd., pp. xxxvi-viii. Ibid., pp. 71-2.
FLACCO: L. Valerius Flaccus was the life-long friend of Cato, and his colleague in the consulship and in the censorship. He entirely favored Cato's political views. See Introd. IMPERI DEDECUS: Flamininus was at the time Roman governor of the district. AUDIVI E: Cic. uses audire ex, ab, and de aliquo, almost indifferently. PORRO: 'in turn'; literally 'farther on', here = 'farther back'; cf.
Nec ...et is common; see 51, 53. LIBIDINUM VINCULIS etc.: Cic. is here thinking of the conversation between Socrates and Cephalus in Plato, Rep. 329 D, for which see Introd.
Prec., introd. p. liii. Any casual inspection of the visitation act-books reveals the fact that the judge sits either in court or in chambers between visitations, for offenders are constantly ordered to appear again in a few days or in a few weeks. Compulsory presentments were, however, limited by law and custom to two courts a year. See canons 116 and 117 of the Canons of 1604.
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