nomination-diplomas

Updated: July 17, 2026

After a brief success, the actual power of these khalifs was transferred to the hands, first, of the captains of their bodyguard, then of sultan-dynasties, whose forcibly acquired powers, were legalized by a formal investiture. In the same way the large provinces developed into independent kingdoms, whose rulers considered the nomination-diplomas from Bagdad in the light of mere ornaments.

C. Snouck Hurgronje - Mohammedanism: Lectures on Its Origin, Its Religious and Political Growth,: and Its Present State