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All the church could do was to cleanse it as much as possible by sacred rites, an attempt which harked back to the origin of marriage as the ceremonial breaking of taboo. Peter Lombard's Sentences affirmed marriage a sacrament. This was reaffirmed at Florence in 1439. In 1565, the Council of Trent made the final declaration.

As the war drew to a close, the lawless troopers became a terrible scourge to the country and were known as flayers, on account of the horrible way in which they tortured the peasants in the hope of extracting money from them. In 1439 the Estates General approved a plan devised by the king, for putting an end to this evil.

Accordingly, towards the end of the year 1439, when he was in Sienna on business, he received a letter from Francesca, in which she reminded him of his desire to be present at her last moments, and in consequence exhorted him to conclude his affairs, and return to Rome as soon as possible, which he accordingly did. On Christmas-day and on the Feast of St.

It had the two arches of the Roman crown, and the gold circlet of the Constantinopolitan; and the difference of workmanship was evident. In the year 1439 died King Albert, who had been appointed King of Hungary in right of his wife, Queen Elizabeth.

Of 130 books which he presented to the University in 1439, not one is Greek; of 135 given in 1443, only one a vocabulary is certainly Greek, four more are possibly, but not probably so. A discovery recently made by Dr.