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Routes from Choongtam to Tibet frontier Choice of that by the Lachen river Arrival of Supplies Departure Features of the valley Eatable Polygonum Tumlong Cross Taktoong river Pines, larches, and other trees Chateng pool Water-plants and insects Tukcham mountain Lamteng village Inhabitants Alpine monkey Botany of temperate Himalaya European and American fauna Japanese and Malayan genera Superstitious objections to shooting Customs of people Rain Run short of provisions Altered position of Tibet frontier Zemu Samdong Imposition Vegetation Uses of pines Ascent to Thlonok river Balanophora wood for making cups Snow-beds Eatable mushrooms and Smilacina Asarabacca View of Kinchinjunga Arum-roots, preparation of for food Liklo mountain Bebaviour of my party Bridge constructed over Zemu Cross river Alarm of my party Camp on Zemu river.
Of the lily family, fritillaria, smilacina, chlorogalum and several fine species of brodiaea, Ithuriel's spear, and others less prized are common, and the favorite calochortus, or Mariposa lily, a unique genus of many species, something like the tulips of Europe but far finer.
Along the slopes of the Cascades, where the woods are less dense, especially about the headwaters of the Willamette, there are miles of rhododendron, making glorious outbursts of purple bloom, and down on the prairies in rich, damp hollows the blue-flowered camassia grows in such profusion that at a little distance its dense masses appear as beautiful blue lakes imbedded in the green, flowery plains; while all about the streams and the lakes and the beaver meadows and the margins of the deep woods there is a magnificent tangle of gaultheria and huckleberry bushes with their myriads of pink bells, reinforced with hazel, cornel, rubus of many species, wild plum, cherry, and crab apple; besides thousands of charming bloomers to be found in all sorts of places throughout the wilderness whose mere names are refreshing, such as linnaea, menziesia, pyrola, chimaphila, brodiaea, smilacina, fritillaria, calochortus, trillium, clintonia, veratrum, cypripedium, goodyera, spiranthes, habenaria, and the rare and lovely "Hider of the North," Calypso borealis, to find which is alone a sufficient object for a journey into the wilderness.
Some rocks along the shore were completely covered with crimson-leafed huckleberry bushes; one species still in fruit might well be called the winter huckleberry. In a short walk I found vetches eight feet high leaning on raspberry bushes, and tall ferns and Smilacina unifolia with leaves six inches wide growing on yellow-green moss, producing a beautiful effect.
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