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With partial or complete suspension of function of the suprascapular nerve there results enervation of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. Since these muscles act as external lateral ligaments of the scapulohumeral joint, when they are incapacitated, there naturally follows more or less abduction of the shoulder when weight is borne.
Preliminary care in the treatment of an open carpal joint, is the same as has been described in this condition as it affects the scapulohumeral articulation described on page 65. Likewise the further treatment of such cases is along the same lines except that where it is possible, the parts are kept covered with cotton and bandages.
The following report of twelve favorable cases is taken from a record of sixty-two cases. The favorable ones are reported, chiefly because there are now enough reports on record of such cases which have terminated fatally. Case 1. A gray gelding used as a saddle pony received a horizontal wire cut laying completely bare the scapulohumeral articulation.
Because of the large humeral head articulating as it does with a glenoid cavity, scapulohumeral luxations are very rare in the horse. According to Moller , luxation is generally due to excessive flexion of the scapulohumeral joint. In such cases the head of the humerus is displaced anterior to the articular portion of the scapula and remains so fixed. Symptoms.
In consequence of loss of power in the triceps and anterior brachial muscles, the arm is extended and straightened on the shoulder, the scapulohumeral angle is open, and the elbow depressed. The knee is carried in advance, level with, or in front of, a vertical line dropped from the point of the shoulder.
In very painful cases acute inflammation is treated by employing cold applications during the initial stage. Cracked ice when contained in a suitable sack may be held in contact with the affected part and the pack is supported by means of cords or tapes as suggested in the discussion on treatment of scapulohumeral arthritis on page 66. Later, hot applications may be employed to good advantage.
In extreme cases, as soon as the ailing animal is caused to support weight with the affected member, the joint is suddenly thrown outward in a manner that the average layman at once concludes that there must be scapulohumeral luxation, and the veterinarian receives a call to see a case wherein the "shoulder is out of place." There exists, however, no luxation in such cases.
Injuries to the scapulohumeral joint may be the result of kicks, runaway accidents or bruises from the collar, and there may result, because of such injuries, reactionary inflammation which will vary in intensity from the mildest synovitis to the most severe arthritis, causing more or less lameness. Treatment.
The horse is still in use and is absolutely free from lameness. Case 8. A two-year-old brown gelding with a wire-wound opening the scapulohumeral joint. This wound was large enough to expose to view the articular portion of the humerus. The same treatment as that given case No. one was instituted and in ninety days the colt was practically well. Case 9.
Wounds which cause a break of the skin and fascia overlying the scapulohumeral joint are usually of little consequence, unless the blow is of sufficient force to directly injure the articulation, and in such cases, the treatment of the injury along general surgical principles, such as cleansing the area, providing drainage for wound secretion, and the administration of suitable dressing materials such as antiseptic dusting powder, is all that is required for the wound.
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