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The difference is so striking and affords such a reliable feature that Koch proposed to make two distinct varieties of them, calling the pure type Fraxinus excelsior monophylla, and the varying trees F. excelsior exheterophylla. Some writers, and among them Willdenow, have preferred to separate the "one-leaved" forms from the species, and to call them Fraxinus simplicifolia.
BRANCHING LARKSPUR. The petals bruised yield a fine blue pigment, and with alum make a permanent blue ink. FRAXINUS excelsior. MANNA. The bark immersed in water gives a blue colour. GALIUM boreale. CROSS-LEAVED BEDSTRAW. The roots yield a beautiful red, if treated as madder. GALIUM verum. YELLOW BEDSTRAW. The flowers treated with alum produce a fine yellow on woollen. The roots, a good red.
Figs are supposed to be more nutritious by having their sugar united with a large portion of mucilaginous matter, which, from being thought to be of an oily nature, has been long esteemed an useful demulcent and pectoral; and it is chiefly with a view of these effects that they have been medicinally employed. FRAXINUS Ornus. MANNA. L. E. D. There are several sorts of Manna in the shops.
This tree affords many beautiful varieties in foliage, the handsomest of which is the Copper Beech, whose purple leaves form a fine contrast in colour with the lively green of the common sort. FRAXINUS excelsior. THE ASH. The wood of the Ash is considered the best timber for all purposes of strong husbandry utensils.
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