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Another African bird, namely, the 'Buphaga Africana', attends the rhinoceros for a similar purpose. It is called "kala" in the language of the Bechuanas. When these people wish to express their dependence upon another, they address him as "my rhinoceros", as if they were the birds. The satellites of a chief go by the same name.
I have myself known numerous instances of large families of badly fed negroes swept off by a prevailing epidemic; and it is well known to many intelligent planters in the south, that the best method of preventing that horrible malady, Chachexia Africana, is to feed the negroes with nutritious food.
Sometimes these families consisted of a man and his wife and children, while in other instances persons of both sexes, were thrown together without any regard to family relationship." The Western Medical Reformer, in an article on the Cachexia Africana by a Kentucky physician, thus speaks of the huts of the slaves.
So far has custom advanced in favour of father-right that the children of a wife not paid for are regarded as bastards and held in contempt. Macdonald, Africana, Vol I, p. 136. Livingstone, Travels, p. 622. Riedel, p. 205; cited by McLennan, Patriarchal Theory, p. 326. Journal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Vol. IX, p. 603. Bancroft, Vol. I, p. 549.
Senhor Silva, who arrived laughing heartily at the commotion among our animals, told me that the bird is called the Buphaga Africana. Its object in thus taking possession of the backs of the cattle is for the purpose of feeding on the ticks with which they are covered.
Duff Macdonald, in Africana, writes: 'Every man who dies what we call a natural death is really killed by witches. It is a far cry from the Blantyre Mission in Africa to the Eskimo of the frozen North; but so uniform is human nature in the lower races that the Eskimo precisely agree, as far as theories of death go, with the Africans, the aborigines of India, the Andaman Islanders, the Australians, and the rest.
This bird can not be said to depend entirely on the insects on that animal, for its hard, hairless skin is a protection against all except a few spotted ticks; but it seems to be attached to the beast, somewhat as the domestic dog is to man; and while the buffalo is alarmed by the sudden flying up of its sentinel, the rhinoceros, not having keen sight, but an acute ear, is warned by the cry of its associate, the 'Buphaga Africana'. The rhinoceros feeds by night, and its sentinel is frequently heard in the morning uttering its well-known call, as it searches for its bulky companion.
See Baronius, A.D. 535, sec. 40; Hefele, ii. 736-8; Rump, ix. 174-6; Novell. xxxix. De Africana Ecclesia. Photius, i. 153-4: words of Hergenröther, who quotes eastern historians, who call him megaloprepesteros anaktôn tôn proterôn ... megalourgos kratôr. Mansi, viii. 846. Photius, i. 160-2; Rump, ix. 181. Photius, i. 163.
When feeding, it puts its head under the water to seize the insect at the bottom, then lifts it up quickly, making a rapid gobbling, as if swallowing a wriggling worm. The 'Parra Africana' runs about on the surface, as if walking on water, catching insects.
Tagetes africana is liable to produce some poorly filled specimens, and some double varieties of carnations are offered for sale with the note that the seed yields only 80% of doubles.
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