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Among the fossil shells common to Madeira and Porto Santo, large cones, strombs, and cowries are conspicuous among the univalves, and Cardium, Spondylus, and Lithodomus among the lamellibranchiate bivalves, and among the Echinoderms the large Clypeaster called C. altus, an extinct European Miocene fossil. The largest list of fossils has been published by Mr.

Inferior or attached valve. Pecten Beaveri, Sowerby. Reduced to one-third diameter. Lower white chalk and chalk marl. Lima spinosa, Sowerby. Syn. Spondylus spinosus. Ostrea vesicularis. Syn. Gryphaea convexa. Inoceramus Lamarckii. Syn. Catillus Lamarckii. Radiolites Mortoni. Mantell. Houghton, Sussex. White chalk. Diameter one-seventh natural size. The upper or opercular valve is wanting.

In the North-eastern province we find off Cumberland Island in 27 fathoms, also on a muddy bottom, species of Murex, Nassa, Turritella, Ranella pusilla, a Fusus, Cancellaria antiquata, a Terebra, two Dentalia, a Natica, a Terebellum, a Scalaria, a Cardium, a Venus, a Nucula, a Pecten, and a Spondylus.

The Clypeaster altus, Spondylus gaederopus, Pectunculus pilosus, Cardita calyculata, and several other shells, serve to identify this formation with that of the Madeiras, and Ancillaria glandiformis, which is not rare, and some other fossils, remind us of the faluns of Touraine. The sixty-two Miocene species which I collected in the Grand Canary were referred by the late Dr.