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The Pinel Hospital, at Richmond, Va., chartered by the State, in 1876, is for the treatment of nervous and mental diseases, and for the reclamation of inebriates and opium-eaters. In Needham, Mass., is the Appleton Temporary Home, where a considerable number of inebriates are received every year. Besides these, there are private institutions, in which dypsomaniac patients are received.
None could gainsay him, none could utter a word on behalf of the queen, for all had suspicion that she had slain Sir Pinel for his slanders of her. Then suddenly the queen rose, white and trembling. 'My lords and knights, I did not cause it! she cried in a broken voice. 'I am innocent! I know not how it came! And therewith she fell down in a swoon.
'I fear me, said Sir Gareth, 'that there is more beneath it all than we wot of. Sir Pinel is a bosom friend of Sir Mordred's. Often have I seen their heads together in places apart. And though he is my brother, Sir Mordred is one I cannot love. 'What fear you, Gareth? asked Sir Brastias.
Especially Arnold, Crichton, and Perfect became influential; and soon Pinel and Esquirol followed in France; and Reil and Langermann in Germany. Reil recognized clearly at the threshold of the nineteenth century that "Both psychical and physical diseases may be cured by psychical means, but at the same time psychical diseases may also be cured by physical means."
We may look back to the old system of endless catechisms, apophthegms, moral fables, and the rest of the paraphernalia of moral didactics, with the same horror with which we regard the gags, strait-waistcoats, chains, and dark cells, of poor mad people before the intervention of Pinel.
Horstius, ab Heers, and many others of the older writers recorded interesting examples of this phenomenon. Schenck remarks on the particular way in which somnambulists seem to escape injury. Haller, Hoffmann, Gassendi, Caelius Rhodiginus, Pinel, Hechler, Bohn, Richter, in fact nearly all the ancient physiologists and anatomists have written on this subject.
Robertus de Vallibus debet quinque optimos palafredos, ut rex taceret de uxore Henrici Pinel. The wife of Hugh do Nevil fined in two hundred hens, that she might lie with, her husband for one night; another, that he might rise from, his infirmity; a third, that he might eat. For some particulars of the condition of the English of this time, vide Eadmer, p. 110.
There were other knights, making in all the number of twenty-four. And these were all the remnant of the one hundred and fifty that had gone forth in the Quest of the Sangreal. Among the guests were Sir Pinel and his cousin, Sir Mador. Now Sir Gawaine had a custom of eating apples which he used daily at dinner and at supper.
Georget emphasized the fact which Pinel had also noted, that retrospectively the stupor patient says his mind was a blank during the attack. In 1835 Etoc-Demazy published on the subject. He regarded stupor not as a separate form of insanity but a complication ensuing on monomania or mania. He recognized the partial as well as complete stupor.
And when she heard the talk of the death of Sir Patrise and how the Queen had been accused of it, she found out by means of her magic that the tale was false, and told it openly that the Queen was innocent and that it was Sir Pinel who had poisoned the apple. Then he fled into his own country, where none might lay hands on him.
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