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Gradually Leyden's University took the lead, Johannes Henricus Scholten, Abraham Kuenen, and the Utrecht philosopher Cornelis Willem Opzoomer assisting the new movement by their profound knowledge, their irresistible logic, their brilliant style, and their high enthusiasm.
My favorite reading at this period was the "Bible for Learners," a book most thoughtfully edited by three of the foremost scholars of modern Europe Hooykaas, Oort, and Kuenen.
If there is anything now discredited in its ancient Scriptures, the Synagogue can, as of yore, relegate it to the Apocrypha, even as it can enrich the canon with later expressions of the Hebrew genius. Its one possible rival, Islam, is, as Kuenen maintains, as sterile for the future as Buddhism, too irretrievably narrowed to the Arab mentality.
If the faith of Israel was to fulfil its mission to the world it was necessary that some one should come who could purge this threshing-floor, burning the chaff and gathering up the wheat to be the seed of the progress of mankind. The Histories of Israel; Ewald, Kuenen, Wellhausen, Stade. Robertson Smith's The Old Testament in the Jewish Church, and articles in the Encyclopædia Britannica.
Van den Brink was a leading critic of the Romanticists; Hasebrock, author of a volume of essays called "Truth and Dream," has been likened to the English Charles Lamb. Vosmaer is another eminent figure in Dutch literature; he wrote a "Life of Rembrandt" which is a masterpiece of biography. Kuenen, who died but ten years ago, was a biblical critic of European celebrity.
In the first place, the child-like fashion in which Mr Arnold swallowed the results of that very remarkable "science," Biblical criticism, has always struck some readers with astonishment and a kind of terror. This new La Fontaine asking everybody, "Avez-vous lu Kuenen?" is a lesson more humbling to the pride of literature than almost any that can be found.
To his honour be it said that the views which he thus early enunciated were in no small degree identical with those which were in masterful fashion substantiated in Holland by Kuenen about 1870, in Germany by Wellhausen after 1878, and made known to English readers by Robertson Smith In 1881.
Like his great contemporary, Newman on whom a good deal of our conversation turned he had no critical sense of evidence; and when he was writing on The Impregnable Rock of Scripture Lord Acton, who was staying at Hawarden at the time, ran after him in vain, with Welhausen or Kuenen under his arm, if haply he might persuade his host to read them.
In the department of Biblical criticism there have been in Holland several writers of European repute, foremost among whom stands the name of Abraham Kuenen. Dutch writers of fiction have been and are far more numerous than could have been expected from the limited number of those able to read their works.
Tiele's Egyptische en Mesopotamische Godsdiensten. The Histories of Israel, especially Kuenen, The Religion of Israel. F. Jeremias, in De la Saussaye, vol. i. pp. 348-383. E. Meyer, "Phenicia," in Encyclopædia Biblica. It is a circumstance of the greatest value for the science of religion that the Old Testament is so well known.
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