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It is certainly not generally known that, as late as the tenth century, the bishops of the great cities called themselves Popes the 'Pope of Milan, the 'Pope of Naples, and the like and that Gregory the Seventh, the famous Hildebrand, was the first to decree that the title should be confined to the Roman Pontiffs, with that of 'Servus Servorum Dei' 'servant of the servants of God. And indeed, in those changing times such a confusion of titles must have caused trouble, as it did when Gregory the Fifth, driven out by Crescentius, and taking refuge in Pavia, found himself, the Pope of Rome, confronted with Arnulf, the 'Pope' of Milan, and complained of his position to the council he had summoned.
"But he must put a good face on it, and go through with it." "I know one woman who will not go to mass to-day." "That is the beautiful Stephania, the widow of Crescentius." "But she watches for vengeance." "What have these Germans to do in Rome? I wish the owner of this Golden House could rise from the dead. He was the last Roman!" "He was a man who did not caress his enemies.
In the mean time, a squadron of imperial troops took possession of the bridge near the Castle of Crescentius now St. Angelo over which the road into the heart of the town led; and, by so doing, shut out the ill disposed citizens on the right bank of the Tiber, from interrupting the ceremony. When all was over at St.
"So I have heard, for you have accepted the rule of a woman." "Who is that?" "They say, and you know the report as well as I do, that it is the widow of Crescentius, the beautiful Stephania. Well, that is your own affair, but Solomon says, 'Beware of your enemies, but be wary with your friends."
The senator Ptolemy was the leader of the people, and the widow of Crescentius enjoyed the pleasure or the fame of revenging her husband, by a poison which she administered to her Imperial lover. It was the design of Otho the Third to abandon the ruder countries of the North, to erect his throne in Italy, and to revive the institutions of the Roman monarchy.
Then, in the year 987, when Hugh Capet took France for himself and for his descendants through eight centuries, and when John the Fifteenth was Pope in Rome, 'a new tyrant arose in the city which had hitherto been trampled down and held under by the violence of the race of Alberic, that is, the race of Theodora, 'and that tyrant was Crescentius. And Crescenzio was the kinsman of Alberic's children.
In Rheims Silvester has also studied philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, and chemistry. He had been Abbot of Bobbio, Archbishop of Rheims and Ravenna, and, after protesting in many ecclesiastical assemblies against the corruption of the Papacy, had himself become Pope. The excitement caused by the execution of Crescentius compelled him to seek refuge on the Aventine with his pupil, the Emperor.
The Emperor returned quickly to Rome, took Crescentius and his Pope prisoner, and then presented the Romans with a vivid spectacle, the like of which they had not seen, though their fathers had. The Leonine quarter, which embraced the Vatican Hill, with the oldest St. Peter's Church and a papal palace, was connected with the town by the Pons Aelius or Bridge of Hadrian.
It was here that Crescentius, one of the first preachers of the Christian faith on the Rhine, regarded by local tradition as the pupil of St. Peter and first Archbishop of Mainz, suffered martyrdom in the reign of Trajan in A.D. 103.
It is perhaps not known that the second was 'Crescentius, the Pope's Legate': now included in 'Asolando'. * Miss Browning has lately found some of the illustrations, and the touching childish letter together with which her brother received them. Mr.
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