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Rennert, The Spanish Stage, 571-573, y Rodríguez Marín, Bol. Acad. Esp., 1, 61, 171, 172, 174, 322, 326 y 327.
«10 l. paid to John Navarro for himself and the rest of the company of Spanish players for a play presented before his Majesty. Dec. 23 d 1635. Office-book of the Lord Chamberlain. Collier, vol. II, pág. 69.» 10 l. pagadas á Juan Navarro para él y para los demás de la compañía de actores españoles, por representar una comedia ante S. M., 23 de diciembre de 1635.
Both are given sufficient elements of good to dismiss them at the close with the partial realization of their desires. One character particularly local to Spanish literature is the Indiano. In general usage the term is applied to those who enter Spain, coming from the Latin-American countries, though properly it should include perhaps only natives of the West Indies.
Or if they have read a few of the best Spanish novels in French or English versions, they may not have found them very interesting. This is explained, I take it, by the fact that Spanish literature is essentially national, and if you do not know the Spanish people you can not fully understand their literature. This is largely true of all literatures, but it is especially true of the Spanish.
In his satirical articles he attacks the follies and weaknesses of contemporary Spanish life with biting sarcasm and bitter invective: he criticizes not to reform but to crush. There was in him little milk of human kindness, but he was not afraid of man or devil. He tried his hand at the romantic drama and novel with little success.
Unlike Shakespeare, whose rare good fortune it was to establish a language as well as found a national drama, Lope de Vega took up a language which had been in use and which had served as a medium of literary expression many centuries before he was born, and with it established the Spanish drama. Here again Lope conformed to common usage.
He knew of the elegant conceits of linguistic expression and used them sparingly in his plays, but usually his language was, like the ideas which he expressed, the speech of the public which he sought to please, not slighting the grandiloquent phraseology to which the Spanish language is so well adapted.
Don Juan, the hero of the play, while he pales somewhat before the brilliant, protagonistic rôle of the heroine, represents on a lesser plane Lope's conception of the true Spanish gallant, whom the poet often pictures under this name or that of "Fernando" and not infrequently lets his personality show through even to the extent of revealing interesting autobiographical details.
This work, which has probably been the most widely read of all Spanish novels since Don Quijote, marked the transition from romanticism to present-day realism in Spanish literature, as Flaubert's Madame Bovary did in French letters ten years later.
The vast number of the works of Lope de Vega renders the task of selecting one of them as an appropriate text for publication very difficult, and it is only after having examined a large number of the works of the great poet that the editor has chosen La Moza de Cántaro, not only because it is one of the author's most interesting comedies, but also because it stands forth prominently in the field in which he is preëminent the interpretation of Spanish life and character.
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