iang-di-pertuan

Updated: June 19, 2025

Brunai is governed by a Sultan styled Iang-di-pertuan, "he who rules," and four principal Ministers of State, "Wazirs" the Pangeran Bandahara, the Pangeran di Gadong, the Pangeran Pamancha and the Pangeran Temenggong.

Sir W. H. (William Hood) Treacher - British Borneo: Sketches of Brunai, Sarawak, Labuan, and North Borneo