1847-78

Updated: July 17, 2025

Such was the creed that disturbed Eastern and Central Europe throughout the period 1847-78, now and again developing a kind of iconoclastic frenzy among its votaries. This revolutionary creed absorbed another of a different kind. The second creed was scientific and self-centred; it had its origin in the Liberal movement of the sixties, when reforms set in, even in governmental circles.

John Holland Rose - The Development of the European Nations, 1870-1914 (5th ed.)