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A French fleet, if a French fleet were now to arrive on the coast of Munster, would find the mouth of the Shannon guarded by English men of war. The stock of provisions within Limerick was already running low. If the siege were prolonged, the town would, in all human probability, be reduced either by force or by blockade.
Though in some of his early battles unsuccessful, he always recovered his ground, kept up his alliances, and returned to the contest. Nor was his lot cast on more favoured days, nor was he pitted against less able men than those with whom the brave King of Munster the stoutest defender of his fatherland had so honourably striven.
It will be observed that in practically every case the Germans assumed the offensive. In Alsace the French batteries exploded a German munitions depot on the outskirts of Orbey, southeast of Bonhomme. In the region of Sondernach, south of Münster, the Germans captured and occupied a French listening post, from which they were expelled by counterattacks.
The period of the opera is 1534. The first act transpires in Dordrecht and Leyden, in Holland, and the other three in Munster, Germany. The text closely follows the historical narrative of the period when Munster was occupied by John of Leyden and his fanatics, who, after he had been crowned by them as Emperor of Germany, was driven out by the bishop of the diocese.
The history of mankind presents no parallel tale to that we have told. It was an instance of insanity placed in power, of lunacy ruling over ignorance and fanaticism; and the doings of John of Leyden in Münster may be presented as an example alike of the mad extremes to which unquestioned power is apt to lead, and the vast capabilities of faith and trust which exist in uneducated man.
The Bishops of Ratzebourg, Lubeck, Osnabruek, Munster, and Minden took up arms to exterminate them, aided by the Duke of Brabant, the Counts of Holland, of Cloves, of the Mark, of Oldenburg, of Egmond, of Diest, and many other powerful nobles. An army of forty thousand men was soon collected, which marched, under the command of the Duke of Brabant, into the country of the Stedinger.
In Leinster over 53,000 agreements have been lodged at an average price of over £481; in Munster over 58,000 at an average of over £420; in Ulster over 84,000 at an average of over £226; whilst in Connaught only some 26,000 at an average of just under £200. The reasons alleged in defence of the Act of 1909 failed to justify, or even to explain, the changes it imposed.
It was she indeed; and to prevent any possible doubt of it, she was seated on the back of a huge old- fashioned book strongly resembling the "Cosmography of Munster." Her immobility but half reassured me; I was really afraid that she was going to take some more nuts out of her alms-purse and throw the shells at my face.
State of the Republic after the Peace of Munster State of England William II. Stadtholder His ambitious Designs and Violent Conduct Attempts to seize on Amsterdam His Death Different Sensations caused by his Death The Prerogatives of the Stadtholder assumed by the People Naval War with England English Act of Navigation Irish Hostilities Death of Tromp A Peace with England Disturbed State of the Republic War with Denmark Peace concluded Charles II. restored to the English Throne Declares War against Holland Naval Actions Charles endeavors to excite all Europe against the Dutch His Failure Renewed Hostilities De Ruyter defeated Peace of Breda Invasion of Flanders by Louis XIV. He overruns Brabant and Flanders Triple League, 1668 Perfidious Conduct of Charles II. He declares War against Holland, etc., as does Louis XIV. Unprepared State of United Provinces William III. Prince of Orange Appointed Captain-General and High Admiral Battle of Solebay The French Invade the Republic The States-General implore Peace Terms demanded by Louis XIV. and by Charles II. Desperation of the Dutch The Prince of Orange proclaimed Stadtholder Massacre of the De Witts Fine Conduct of the Prince of Orange He takes the Field Is reinforced by Spain, the Emperor, and Brandenburg Louis XIV. forced to abandon his Conquests Naval Actions with the English A Peace, 1674 Military Affairs Battle of Senef Death of De Ruyter Congress for Peace at Nimeguen Battle of Mont Cassel Marriage of the Prince of Orange Peace of Nimeguen.
This reign of treachery and terror drove a few desperate men into the gunpowder plot of the following year, and rendered it difficult, if not impossible, for the King to return to the policy of toleration, with which, to do him justice, he seems to have set out from Scotland. Carew, President of Munster during the late war, became Deputy to Mountjoy on his departure for England.
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