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The top of this fissure must have communicated with the bed of the Triassic sea, and probably at a point not far from the ancient shore on which the small marsupials of that era abounded. This upper division of the Trias called the Keuper is of great thickness in the central counties of England, attaining, according to Mr.
Wealden : Weald-formation. Portland : Upper oolithic. Oxford : Middle oolithic. Bath : Lower oolithic. Lias : Liassic. Keuper : Upper triassic. Muschelkalk : Middle triassic. Bunter : Lower triassic. Permian : 14. Zechstein : Upper permian. Permian : 13. Neurot sand : Lower permian. Carboniferous sandstone : Upper carboniferous. Carboniferous limestone : Lower carboniferous.
Ceratites nodosus, Schloth. Muschelkalk, Germany. The next member of the Trias in Germany, the Muschelkalk, which underlies the Keuper before described, consists chiefly of a compact greyish limestone, but includes beds of dolomite in many places, together with gypsum and rock-salt. This limestone, a formation wholly unrepresented in England, abounds in fossil shells, as the name implies.
The plants of the Keuper are generically very analogous to those of the oolite and lias, consisting of ferns, equisetaceous plants, cycads, and conifers, with a few doubtful monocotyledons. A few species such as Equisetites columnaris, are common to this group and the oolite. Map of Tyrol and Styria showing St.
The Quantocks, Brendons, and Exmoor consist of older rocks than the Mendips, belonging as they do to the Devonshire series of old red sandstones. Bordering the Brendons are found the red marls of the Permian series; whilst between Dunster and Williton, and along the base of the Quantocks, in the neighbourhood of Taunton Dean, as well as in some other localities, Keuper and Rhaetic beds occur.
The sandstones and clay of the Keuper resemble the deposits of estuaries and a shallow sea near the land, and afford, in the north-west of Germany, as in France and England, but a scanty representation of the marine life of that period.
It has been called the Trias by German writers, or the Triple Group, because it is separable into three distinct formations, called the "Keuper," the "Muschelkalk," and the "Bunter-sandstein." In certain grey indurated marls below the bone-bed Mr.
Beds of Passage between the Lias and Trias, Rhaetic Beds. Triassic Mammifer. Triple Division of the Trias. Keuper, or Upper Trias of England. Reptiles of the Upper Trias. Foot-prints in the Bunter formation in England. Dolomitic Conglomerate of Bristol. Origin of Red Sandstone and Rock-salt. Precipitation of Salt from inland Lakes and Lagoons. Trias of Germany. Keuper. St.
Cassian, now generally assigned to the lowest members of the Upper Trias or Keuper, leads us to suspect that when the strata of the Triassic age are better known, especially those belonging to the period of the Bunter sandstone, the break between the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Periods may be almost effaced. Indeed some geologists are not yet satisfied that the true position of the St.
Brongniart, in 1849, as coming from the "Gres bigarre," or Bunter, not one is common to the Keuper. The footprints of Labyrinthodon observed in the clays of this formation at Hildburghausen, in Saxony, have already been mentioned.
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