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This may be partly due to the curtailment of facilities for emigration, owing to the filling up of the new countries. For emigration does not diminish the population of the country which the emigrants leave; it only increases its birth-rate. We are now in a position to enumerate the causes which actually lead to an increase in the population of a country.
If, for instance, all the young people of a New Hampshire village take a fancy to remove to Wisconsin, it does not show that the race is dying out because their children swell the birth-rate of Wisconsin instead of New Hampshire.
You stchewpids! Your birth-rate is too low already as it is. Some day I must invent something to send it up, but send it down never! 'Is that true? We thought somebody said One could feel the tension relax all round. 'You too big fools, Pirolo cried. 'You could have sent us a call and we would have told you. 'Send you a call! a deep voice shouted.
I refer especially to such very widespread and widely believed stories as that Government disseminates plague by poisoning the wells and that it introduces into the plague inoculation serum drugs which destroy virility in order to keep down the birth-rate. No one has put this point more strongly than Lord Curzon: What is the greatest danger in India?
It is written also: "After the war a very large increase in the birth-rate may be looked for." For a year or two, perhaps; but the real after-effect of the war will be to decrease the birth-rate in every European country, or I am much mistaken. "No food for cannon, and no extra burdens," will be the cry. And little wonder!
If each priest were to take a wife about four thousand children would be born within the year, forty thousand children would be added to the birth-rate in ten years. Ireland would be saved by her priesthood!" The truth of this estimate seemed beyond question, nevertheless, Father MacTurnan found it difficult to reconcile himself to the idea of a married clergy. One is always the dupe of prejudice.
Whatever be our duty to the girl of the working-classes, no man can deny the importance of performing it aright. She will become the wife of the working-man. From her thus flows most of the birth-rate. If our education of her is wrong, it is a very great wrong for millions of individuals and for the whole of society. But let us look at the case of her more fortunate sister.
So these forlorn regions are at last beginning to revive. Between that year and 1908 the birth-rate more than doubled the death-rate. This is an example of what the new quinine-policy has done for Italy, in briefest space of time.
Wherever the infant mortality is falling there is an apparent misleading fall in the birth-rate due to the "loading" of the population with children. Here are the sort of figures that are generally given. They are the figures for England and Wales for two typical periods. Period 1846-1850 33 8 births per 1000 Period 1896-1900 28 0 births per 1000 5.8 fall in the birth-rate.
Of course, if these subsidies resulted in too rapid a rise in the birth-rate, it would be practicable to diminish the inducement; and if, on the other hand, the birth-rate still fell, it would be easy to increase the inducement until it sufficed. That concisely is the idea of the Endowment of Motherhood.
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