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One faction insists that physics and chemistry and biology should be taught in the high school from the economic point of view, that the economic applications of these sciences to great human arts, such as engineering and agriculture, should be emphasized at every point, that a great deal of the material now taught in these sciences is both useless and unattractive to the average high-school pupil.
And he knew that the major’s specialty was the Planeteer science of exploration. Barris’s specialty required him to be an expert in biology, zoology, anthropology, navigation and astrogation, and in land fighting. Not to mention a half dozen other lesser things. Only ten Planeteers rated expert in exploration and all were captains or majors. "Where are you going?" Rip asked.
Has it been realized how curiously the interpreters of Shakespeare omit the principal thing? They revel in his Grammar, his History, his Biology, his Botany, his Geography, his Psychology and his Ethics. They never speak of his Poetry. Now Shakespeare is, above everything, a poet.
We are not, however, as students of society, concerned with this phase of evolution. Organic Evolution. This is the phase of evolution with which Darwin dealt and which biology, as a science of evolution of living forms, deals with.
Already the lines are being drawn between the defenders of an extra-organic soul and the experimental sappers in the laboratories of biology and psychology who are seeking to show that mind and body are inseparable, that, indeed, mind is just a term for certain capacities of control exercised by the brain.
I remember once, in a small but advanced college, the consternation that was awakened when an instructor in philosophy went to a colleague both of them now associates in a large university for information in a question of biology. "What business has he with such matters," said the irate biologist; "let him stick to his last, and teach philosophy if he can!" That was a polite jest, you will say.
He tried to read, but he could not fix his attention; and yet it was necessary that he should work hard. His examination in biology was in little more than a fortnight, and, though it was easy, he had neglected his lectures of late and was conscious that he knew nothing. It was only a viva, however, and he felt sure that in a fortnight he could find out enough about the subject to scrape through.
From natural history the transition to the other sciences, especially to chemistry and physics, is easy and again natural. In the study of life many of the fundamental conceptions of those sciences are met with on the threshold, and boys whose aptitudes are rather of the physical order will at once feel the impulse to follow nature from that aspect. Biology is the more inclusive study.
The fact of sexual need in man and animal is expressed in biology by the assumption of a "sexual impulse." This impulse is made analogous to the impulse of taking nourishment, and to hunger. The sexual expression corresponding to hunger not being found colloquilly, science uses the expression "libido."
At the same time I know of no more striking case of the necessity of the verification of even those deductions which seem founded on the widest and safest inductions. Such are the methods of Biology methods which are obviously identical with those of all other sciences, and therefore wholly incompetent to form the ground of any distinction between it and them.
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