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Alva fiercely asked the President if he had not himself once maintained that the consent had been granted! Viglius replied that he had never made such an assertion. He had mentioned the conditions and the implied promises on the part of government, by which a partial consent had been extorted.

Quentin Battle of Gravelines Peace of Câteau-Cambresis Death of Mary of England Philip's Despotism Establishes a Provisional Government Convenes the States General at Ghent His Minister Granvelle Goes to Zealand Embarks for Spain Prosperity revives Effects of the Provisional Government Marguerite of Palma Character of Granvelle Viglius de Berlaimont Departure of the spanish Troops Clergy Bishops National Discontent Granvelle appointed Cardinal Edict against Heresy Popular Indignation Reformation State of Brabant Confederacy against Granvelle Prince of Orange Counts Egmont and Horn join the Prince against Granvelle Granvelle recalled Council of Trent Its Decrees received with Reprobation Decrees against Reformers Philip's Bigotry Establishment of the Inquisition Popular Resistance.

To these he recounted the scene which had taken place, raving the while so ferociously against Viglius as to induce the supposition that something serious was intended against him. The report flew from mouth to mouth. The affair became the town talk, so that, in the words of the President, it was soon discussed by every barber and old woman in Brussels.

"What is the man talking about?" she would ask with languid superciliousness, if he attempted to express his opinion in the state-council. Viglius, whom Berlaymont accused of doing his best, without success, to make his peace with the seigniors, was in even still greater disgrace than his fellow-cardinalists. He longed, he said, to be in Burgundy, drinking Granvelle's good wine.

As messenger after messenger arrived to warn her that the Iconoclasts were advancing against the metropolis, she issued orders to hold everything in readiness for her flight, which was to take place quietly with the first approach of morning. At break of day the aged Viglius presented himself before her, whom, with the view of gratifying the nobles, she had been long accustomed to neglect.

Biographical sketch and portrait of Margaret of Parma The state council Berlaymont Viglius Sketch of William the Silent Portrait of Antony Perrenot, afterwards Cardinal Granvelle General view of the political, social and religious condition of the Netherlands Habits of the aristocracy Emulation in extravagance Pecuniary embarrassments Sympathy for the Reformation, steadily increasing among the people, the true cause of the impending revolt Measures of the government.

The flattering homage of the nobility, which allowed her more fully to enjoy the shadow of power, the more they deprived her of its substance, had, by degrees, fostered her vanity to such an extent, that she at last estranged by her coldness even the most upright of all her servants, the state counsellor Viglius, who always addressed her in the language of truth.

"The royal will," he said, "is too clearly and too precisely stated; it is the result of too long and too mature deliberation for us to venture to delay its execution without bringing on ourselves the reproach of the most culpable obstinacy." "That I take on myself," interrupted Viglius; "I oppose myself to, his displeasure.

He was, in truth, in as great a panic as herself, and it was, according to the statement of the Duchess, mainly in order to save the President from threatened danger, that she eventually resolved to make concessions. "Viglius," wrote Margaret to Philip, "is so much afraid of being cut to pieces, that his timidity has become incredible."

Granvelle had given the others leave of absence, but wished to keep within call the industrious Maltese, on whose zeal he could always rely. Without stopping his diligent work at the writing-desk, the secretary begged Barbara to wait a short time. He would soon finish the draught of the new edict for which his Eminence and the Councillor Viglius were waiting in the adjoining chamber.