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The principal use of the roots is, however, for the purposes of perfumery, for which it is in considerable demand. LACTUCA sativa. GARDEN LETTUCE. The Leaves and Seeds. It smells strongly of opium, and resembles it in its effects; and its narcotic power, like that of the poppy heads, resides in its milky juice. An extract from the expressed juice is recommended in small doses in dropsy.
But it is evident that other trees, shrubs, and plants of resinous or balsamic foliage, as, for example, the Populus balsamifera, Cannabis sativa, Pinus silvestris, Pinus abies, Juniperus communis, have equally, with us, the same faculty; they are favorable also for the drying of the soil, and the more completely, as their roots are spreading, more extended, and more ramified.
A well known potherb sown in the spring; and the plants, if not suffered to go to seed, will last two years. See aethusa Cynapium, in Poisonous Plants. PARSNEP. Pastinaca sativa. This is a well known esculent root, and is raised by sowing the seeds in the spring. PEA. Pisum sativum. This is a well known dainty at our tables during spring and summer. The varieties in cultivation are,
The leaves of the plant discover a viscid sweetishness, accompanied with a more durable saponaceous pungency and warmth: these seem capable of answering some useful purposes, as a stimulating, aperient, antiscorbutic medicine. CANNABIS sativa. HEMP. The Seeds. They are also said to be useful in incontinence of urine; but experience does not warrant their having any virtues of this kind.
CANNABIS sativa. HEMP. This plant is cultivated in some parts of this country. It is usually sown in March, and is fit to harvest in October. It requires good land, and the seed is usually two bushels and a half per acre. The seed, which ripens about the time the hemp is pulled, is useful for feeding birds and poultry, and very nourishing. DIPSACUS Fullonum.
M. du Chaillu asserts that this Cannabis sativa is not found wild, and the people confirm his statement; possibly it has extended from Hindostan to Zanzibar, and thence across the continent. Intoxicating hemp is now grown everywhere, especially in the Nkommi country, and little packages, neatly bound with banana leaves, sell on the river for ten sous each.
There are various synonyms for P. pinea, the chief being P. sativa of Bauhin, P. aracanensis of Knight, P. domestica, P. chinensis of Knight, and P. tarentina of Manetti. The Garden.
There are many varieties of this plant cultivated in flower gardens on account of the curious shapes of the seed-pods, some having a distant resemblance to snails' horns, cater-pillars, &c. under which names they are sold in the seed-shops. It grows in sandy hilly soils; the wild kind has flat pods. MEDICAGO sativa.
In young plants of Bignonia the lower leaves often remain quite unchanged, whilst the upper ones have their terminal leaflets converted into perfect tendrils; in Eccremocarpus I have seen a single lateral branch of a tendril replaced by a perfect leaflet; in Vicia sativa, on the other hand, leaflets are sometimes replaced by tendril-branches; and many other such cases could be given.
This plant has been so long cultivated in this country, that its native place is not known. The seeds are sown in the spring, and it is in use all the winter. LETTUCE. Lactuca sativa. The varieties of lettuce are many. They are, Green Coss. White do. Silesia do. Brown do. Egyptian do. Brown Dutch. White Cabbage. Imperial. Hammersmith Hardy. Tennis-ball. These are sown every summer month.
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