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The gong to-day enters the Bontoc area in commerce generally from the north from the Igorot or Tinguian of old Abra Province and no one in the Provinces of Benguet or Lepanto-Bontoc seems to know its source. Throughout the Archipelago and southward in Borneo there are metal drums or "gongs" apparently of similar material but of varying styles.

The Province of Lepanto-Bontoc has, according to records, about 70,500 "Igorrotes," "Tinguianes," and "Caylingas," but I believe a more careful census will show it has nearer 100,000. Nueva Ecija is reported to have half a hundred "Tinguianes."

Many travelers who pass that part of the journey in the middle of the day complain loudly of the heat and thirst experienced there. Cervantes, said to be 70 miles from Candon, is the capital of the dual Province of Lepanto-Bontoc. Bontoc pueblo lies inland only about 35 miles farther, but the greater part of two days is usually required to reach it.

May 28, 1902, the Philippine Commission organized the Province of Lepanto-Bontoc; on June 9 Dr. Hunt was appointed lieutenant-governor of the province. May 1, 1903, Dr. Hunt resigned and E. A. Wagar, M.D., became his successor. The Spaniard was in Bontoc about fifty years.

In 1852 the entire territory of present Lepanto-Bontoc and a large part of northern Nueva Vizcaya were organized as an independent "distrito," under the name of "Valle de Cayan;" and a few years later, though the author does not give the date, Bontoc was established as an independent "distrito."