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Even Company Headquarters of the centre Company had little more than this, though Battalion Headquarters and the other companies had a half-deep dug-out. The bombardments now became daily, and all our efforts at retaliation either with artillery or trench mortars proved entirely ineffectual.

It would be absurd to discard as useless the fire of infantry, as it would be to give up entirely the half-deep formation; and an army is ruined if forced to adhere to precisely the same style of tactical maneuvers in every country it may enter and against every different nation. It is not so much the mode of formation as the proper combined use of the different arms which will insure victory.

If the deep order is dangerous, the half-deep is excellent for the offensive. 2.

This maneuver was executed when no enemy was present; but it seems to me an irresistible combination of the advantages of firing and of the column. Besides these lines of columns, there are three other methods of attacking in the half-deep order.

These different manners of formation are, therefore, reducible to four: the shallow order, where the line is deployed in three ranks; the half-deep order, formed of a line of battalions in columns doubled on the center or in battalion squares; the mixed order, where regiments are partly in line and partly in column; finally, the deep order, composed of heavy columns of battalions deployed one behind the other.