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These Ghât Tuaricks, however great they may talk in their own country, are really very poor; they subsist almost entirely on the custom-dues levied on caravans. Wataitee himself said, "I am the son of the Sultan, it is true; but I have nothing.

Style of making Bazeen. Mode of Encamping. Cold Day, felt by all the Caravan. Well of Teenabunda. Arrival in The Wady of Fezzan. Meeting of the two Slave Caravans. Tombs of Ancient Christians. Routes between Ghat and Fezzan. Weariness of Saharan Travel. Oases and Palms of The Wady. We meet a rude Sheikh, demanding Custom-Dues. Haj Ibrahim's opinion of the Virgin Mary. Black Jews in Central Africa.

He sits at his café at the coast and collects custom-dues and sells stamped paper. For fear of the native he dares not march five miles beyond his sea-port town, and the white men who venture inland for purposes of trade or to cultivate plantations do so at their own risk, he can promise them no protection.

The richer merchants were forced to serve as custom-house officers often at a great distance from their domiciles* and artisans were yearly summoned to Moscow to do work for the Tsars without remuneration. * Merchants from Yaroslavl, for instance, were sent to Astrakhan to collect the custom-dues.

A courier has just arrived from the new Sultan of Aghadez, demanding the gumruk, or custom-dues, from the caravan of Christians who have entered Aheer. As if we had not already paid enough! After two or three weeks of incessant solicitation, by the way, I gave Es-Sfaxee, Yusuf, and Mahommed, a small bottle of rum the first, and it shall be the last; for they got drunk and quarrelsome upon it.

It is most important that the legitimate trade should not be burdened with double custom-dues, and it is to be hoped that the influence of the British Government will be used to bring about some reform in this matter.