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This luminous suggestion was held more or less in abeyance for half a century. Then it was elaborated by Zollner, and particularly by Bredichin, of the Moscow observatory, into what has since been regarded as the most plausible of cometary theories. It is held that comets and the sun are similarly electrified, and hence mutually repulsive.
The ground of this apportionment is that the atomic weights of these substances bear to each other the same inverse proportion as the repulsive forces employed in producing the appendages they are supposed to form; and Zöllner had pointed out in 1875 that the "heliofugal" power by which comets' tails are developed would, in fact, be effective just in that ratio.
The phosphorescence of the Aphroditean oceans, warm and teeming with life, as they are held to be by Zollner, was advanced as an explanatory hypothesis, with scarcely more plausibility, by Professor Safarik, while others have resorted to the supposition of atmospheric or electrical luminosity producing on a large scale some such display as that of the aurora borealis.
Names of similar reputation in the scientific and professional world might be adduced from Germany and France, prominent among them the late Professor Zöllner, of Leipsic, a well-known astronomer; but the above-given will suffice as evidence that the investigation of spiritualism has not been confined to the unknown, unlearned, and credulous, but has been pursued by men of the very highest standing for probity, learning, sound judgment, and critical discrimination.
As to the character of the results obtained by him, however, we are unable to make any statement. Professor Zöllner also became a believer in Spiritualism, mainly through experiments with the American medium Mr. Slade.
That is the discouraging thing about this whole business; you can't convince any one by any amount of evidence. A man will stand out against Zöllner, Crookes, Lodge, and Myers, discounting all the rest of the great investigators, and then crumple up like a caterpillar at the first touch of The Invisible Hand when it comes to him directly.
Eighteen months later, Zöllner devised his "reversion-spectroscope" for doubling the measurable effects of line-displacements; aided by which ingenious instrument, and following a suggestion of its inventor, Professor H. C. Vogel succeeded at Bothkamp, June 9, 1871, in detecting effects of that nature due to the solar rotation.
See are; but, at any rate, we can safely assume that they are at the distance of the nearest stars, say somewhere about three hundred thousand times the earth's distance from the sun. The sun itself removed to that distance would appear to our eyes only as a star of the first magnitude. But Zöllner has shown that the sun exceeds Jupiter in brilliancy 5,472,000,000 times.
Imp. de St. Pétersbourg, t. vi., col. 77. Von Dr. Nach., No. 3,267; Observatory, vol. xviii., p. 64; F. H. Seares, Astr. Corr., vol. xxv., pp. 3-22. Reprinted by Zöllner. See Bull. R. A. S., vol. x., p. 376. Rosenberger calculated no more, though he lived until 1890. Month. Report. Brit. Imp. de St. Stars seen through the tail, October 18, lost much of their lustre.
"Sir William Crookes and Dr. Zöllner, you say, believed in these disembodied intelligences " "Yes, but they belong to what Haeckel calls the imaginative scientists." "You needn't quote Haeckel to me, Morton. If I believed what he preaches I would take myself and my children out of the world. I don't see how a man can look a child in the face and say such things.
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