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Richard Hooker's "Ecclesiastical Polity" swept the ground from under Thomas Cartwright's "Admonition to Parliament."
The Roman polity especially adhered to this view with its peculiar tenacious consistency; even in the sixth century the dependent communities of Italy were either, in order to their keeping their municipal constitution, constituted as formally sovereign states of non-burgesses, or, if they obtained the Roman franchise, were although not prevented from organizing themselves as collective bodies deprived of properly municipal rights, so that in all burgess-colonies and burgess municipia- even the administration of justice and the charge of buildings devolved on the Roman praetors and censors.
He employed this interval of peace to secure its continuance, and to prevent a return of the like evils; for which reason he made many reforms in the laws and polity of his dominions. He instituted itinerant justices, to weaken the power of the great barons, and even of the sheriffs, who were hardly more obedient, an institution which, with great public advantages, has remained to our times.
Nor are the exceptions against this argument of any strength: as, 1. That arguments for the form of church government must yet be fetched from the Jewish Church; the government of the Jews was ceremonial and typical, and Christians must not Judaize, nor use that Judaical compound of subordination of churches: the Mosaical polity is abrogated now under the New Testament.
Assumption of affairs by the state council at Brussels Hesitation at Madrid Joachim Hopper Mal-administration Vigilance of Orange The provinces drawn more closely together Inequality of the conflict Physical condition of Holland New act of Union between Holland and Zealand Authority of the Prince defined and enlarged Provincial polity characterized Generous sentiments of the Prince His tolerant spirit Letters from the King Attitude of the great powers towards the Netherlands Correspondence and policy of Elizabeth Secret negotiations with France and Alencon Confused and menacing aspect of Germany Responsible, and laborious position of Orange Attempt to relieve Zierickzee Death of Admiral Boisot Capitulation of the city upon honourable terms Mutiny of the Spanish troops in Schouwen General causes of discontent Alarming increase of the mutiny The rebel regiments enter Brabant Fruitless attempts to pacify them They take possession of Alost Edicts, denouncing them, from the state council Intense excitement in Brussels and Antwerp Letters from Philip brought by Marquis Havre The King's continued procrastination Ruinous royal confirmation of the authority assumed by the state council United and general resistance to foreign military oppression The German troops and the Antwerp garrison, under Avila, join the revolt Letter of Verdugo A crisis approaching Jerome de Roda in the citadel The mutiny universal.
But whereas, the Kamakura shikken exercised virtually autocratic authority, the shogun being a minor, the Muromachi kwanryo, nominally, at all events, was under the control of an adult shogun. In fact, the kwanryo in the Muromachi polity resembled the betto of the Man-dokoro in Yoritomo's time.
Fifthly, when it allows any act of its own and any movement to be without an aim, and does anything thoughtlessly and without considering what it is, it being right that even the smallest things be done with reference to an end; and the end of rational animals is to follow the reason and the law of the most ancient city and polity.
Says a writer in the British Quarterly, "The Greeks neither elected their own sovereign nor chose their national polity. In a spirit of generous confidence they allowed the three protecting powers to name a king for them, and the powers rewarded them by making the worst selection they could. They gave the Greeks a boy of seventeen, with neither a character to form nor an intellect to develop."
XXIV. Of the religion of Greece, of its rites and ceremonies, and of its influence upon the moral and intellectual faculties this already, I fear, somewhat too prolixly told is all that at present I deem it necessary to say. We have now to consider the origin of slavery in Greece, an inquiry almost equally important to our accurate knowledge of her polity and manners.
The abstract power of self-direction, if enlightened by a larger experience and a more fertile genius, might give the Life of Reason a public embodiment such as it has not had since the best days of classic antiquity. Thus the two prerational moralities out of which European civilisation has grown, could they be happily superposed, would make a rational polity.
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