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Nothing stands between us and the actual handwork of the great masters of painting except distance; and modern photographic methods of reproduction are in some cases quite and in many nearly as effective in conveying the artist's message as a modern edition of Shakespear's plays is in conveying the message that first existed in his handwriting.
Bourgeois society was, as far as the whole matter of production is concerned, tied and bound in the political feudal forms of the Middle Ages, which this production, not only as regards manufacture but as regards handwork also had long transcended amid all the thousandfold gild-privileges and local and provincial tax impositions which had become mere obstacles and fetters to production.
Only by this means can we hope to establish the inspiring and strengthening "habit of success." =Introduction of New Methods.= The question arises, How shall work of this sort be adapted to a course of study which is already full and does not provide time for handwork? Handwork takes more time than bookwork, and children evolve plans but slowly.
"The the lawnjeree, you know. The things with ribbon and handwork and yards and yards of real lace. I've seen 'em in the glass case in the French Room. Seventy-nine dollars marked down from one hundred." The superintendent scribbled on a card. "Show this Monday morning. Miss Jevne is the head of your department. You'll spend two hours a day in the store school of instruction for clerks.
In these classes desk blackboards are provided, and a great deal of oral instruction is given, and the amount of reading is limited. A great deal of handwork is required and everything possible is done to save eyestrain. Much time and thought is given to the proper lighting of schoolrooms, and to the color scheme of the buildings.
"How'd y' stop 'em from laffin'?" "I let 'em laugh. Oh, my school is a disgrace-so one director says. But I like to see children laugh. It broadens their cheeks." "Yes, that's all handwork." Laura was showing the baby's Sunday clothes. "Goodness Peter! How do you find time to do so much?" "I take time." Howard, being the lion of the evening, tried his best to be agreeable.
It was the bobbins which were ornamental, and some of the older ones those made in the eighteenth century are very decorative, and now much sought after by collectors. Of such handwork Cowper wrote: "Yon cottager who weaves at her own door, Pillow and bobbins all her little store: Content, though mean, and cheerful, if not gay, Shuffering her threads about the livelong day."
When I explained, or tried to explain, that among us a great many people worked with their brains, to amuse others or to get handwork out of them, they were unable to follow me.
Froebel says, "What man tries to represent or do he begins to understand." This is what we should mean by saying that handwork is a method of learning. But handwork has its own absolute place as well.
The morning in most classes is occupied with Scripture, Reading, Arithmetic, Writing, and some less formal work, such as Nature lesson or Recitation; some form of Physical Exercise is always taken. The afternoons are mostly devoted to Games, Stories, Handwork and Singing: this order is not universal, but the general principle holds, of taking the more difficult and formal subjects in the morning.
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