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Hence it would appear that the Cordillera has been, probably with some quiescent periods, a source of volcanic matter from an epoch anterior to our cretaceo-oolitic formation to the present day; and now the earthquakes, daily recurrent on some part of the western coast, give little hope that the subterranean energy is expended.
Relations between ancient orifices of eruption and subsequent axes of injection. Iquique, Peru, fossils of, salt-deposits. Metalliferous veins. Summary on the porphyritic conglomerate and gypseous formations. Great subsidence with partial elevations during the cretaceo-oolitic period. On the elevation and structure of the Cordillera. Recapitulation on the tertiary series.
During the cretaceo-oolitic period this certainly appears to have been the case at the Puente del Inca, judging from the number of intercalated lava-streams in the lower 3,000 feet of strata; but generally, the volcanic orifices seem at this time to have existed as submarine solfataras, and were certainly quiescent compared with their state during the accumulation of the porphyritic conglomerate formation.
If these shells had been examined independently of the other collections, they would probably have been considered, from the characters of the two Terebratulae, and from the Spirifer, as oolitic; but considering that the first species, and according to Professor Forbes, the four first, are identical with those from Coquimbo, the two formations no doubt are the same, and may, as I have said, be provisionally called cretaceo-oolitic.
Considering this resemblance, and that the fossils from the Puente del Inca at the base of the gypseous formation, and throughout the greater part of its entire thickness on the Peuquenes range, indicate the Neocomian period, that is, the dawn of the cretaceous system, or, as some have believed, a passage between this latter and the oolitic series I conclude that probably the gypseous and associated beds in all the sections hitherto described, belong to the same great formation, which I have denominated cretaceo-oolitic.
Hence the above fossils here lie at the very base of the gypseous or cretaceo-oolitic formation, and hence they were probably once covered up by strata about seven thousand feet in thickness: it is, however, possible, though from the nature of all the other sections in this district not probable, that the porphyritic claystone lava may in this case have invaded a higher level in the series.
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