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But the perpendicular to the motion of the crank pin is the line of the crank itself, and consequently is revolving about O with an angular velocity represented by AOa. The motion of A' is in the direction A'B', but its velocity at the instant is zero. Hence, drawing a vertical line at A', limited by the prolongation of aO, we have A'a' for the motion of the instantaneous axis.
N.B. In this, and the following woodcut, the subsidence of the land could only be represented by an apparent rise in the level of the sea. A'A' Outer edges of the barrier-reef at the level of the sea. The cocoa-nut trees represent coral-islets formed on the reef. CC The lagoon-channel.
BB, The shores of the fringed island. A'A', Outer edges of the reef, after its upward growth during a period of subsidence, now converted into a barrier, with islets on it. B'B', The shores of the now encircled islands. CC, Lagoon-channel. No theory on the formation of coral-reefs can be considered satisfactory which does not include the three great classes.
Thanks to the siphons, the water enters the inner vessel, presses the sulphide of carbon, which is the heavier, and causes it to rise in the tube up to the level a'a', where it saturates a cotton wick, which is then lighted. The upper end of the tube is surmounted with a chimney, PQ. which quickens the draught.
AA Outer edge of the reef at the level of the sea. BB Shores of the island. A'A' Outer edge of the reef, after its upward growth during a period of subsidence. CC The lagoon-channel between the reef and the shores of the now encircled land. B'B' The shores of the encircled island.
SECTION OF CORAL-REEF. A'A', Outer edges of the barrier-reef at the level of the sea, with islets on it. B'B', The shores of the included island. CC, The lagoon-channel. A''A'', Outer edges of the reef, now converted into an atoll. C', The lagoon of the new atoll.
The following is the method of making a kite without a tail: All the calculations necessary in order to obtain the different proportions are based upon the length of the stick, A'A, employed. Such length being found, we divide it by ten, and thus obtain what is called the unit of length. With such unit it is very easy to obtain all the proportions.
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