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Quanto id diligentias in liberis procreandis cavendum, sayeth Cardan. All which being considered, and that you see 'tis morally impracticable for me to wind this round to where I set out I begin the chapter over again.

Uxores, says he, habent deni duodenique inter se communes; et maxime fratres cum fratribus, parentesque cum liberis: sed si qui sint ex his nati, corum habentur liberi, quo primum virgo quaque deducta est." The same perspicuous writer adds, upon the subject of divorce, "The Scriptures seem to have drawn the obligation tighter than the law of nature left it.

It was a pang to me when poor Richard King decided on placing her tomb among strangers; but in conceding his rights as to her resting-place, I retain mine to her name, Nostris liberis virtutis exemplar." Graham wrung his cousin's hand-he could not speak, choked by suppressed tears. The Duchess, who loved and honoured Lady Janet almost as much as did her husband, fairly sobbed aloud.

Catus de liberis educandis, Marius de Fortuna, &c. are titles which remind us of Cicero's Laelius de Amicitia and Cato Major de Senectute, of which it is extremely probable they were the suggesting causes. Varro in his saturae is very severe upon philosophers. He had almost as great a contempt for them as his archetype Cato. And yet Varro was deeply read in the philosophy of Greece.

We, however, who have been careful to pass over nothing, but correct all defects by our constitutions, have retained, as necessary, the possession of goods called contra tabulas and secundum tabulas, and also the kinds of possession upon intestacy known as unde liberis and unde legitimi.

Polyandry, by the way, has even flourished in Europe, if we may believe Cæsar, who, in his De Bello Gallico, book V., page 17, writes: "Uxores habent deni duodenique inter se communes, et maxime fratres cum fratribus et parentes cum liberis." In view of all this it is impossible to hold any religion responsible for the existence of the institution of polyandry.

We may be sure of the result. After commending her zeal for her own family, he says, "Ego vero et ejus liberis parcam, et genero, et uxori; et ad senatum scribam ne aut proscriptio gravior sit, aut poena crudelior;" adding that, had his counsels prevailed, not even Cassius himself should have perished.

Let us now turn to this for a while, remembering that it means parental example and the discipline of the body as well as the acquisition of elementary knowledge. Unfortunately, no book has survived from that age in which the education of children was treated of. Varro wrote such a book, but we know of it little more than its name, Catus, sive de liberis educandis.

"But Plutarch says in his book De Liberis educandis, that a poor painter showed Apelles what he was doing, telling him: ’This painting has just this moment been done by my hand,’ Apelles answered: ’Even if you had not said so I should have known that it was by your hand and that it was done quickly, and I am surprised that you do not do many of them every day.’

Christiani. Natus. est. V. Nov. Anno. MDCCXXXV. Obiit. XVIII. Aug. MDCCCIII. Omnibus. Liberis. Orbus. Quorum. Natu. Maximus. JACOBUS. HAY. BEATTIE. Vel. a. Puerilibus. Annis. Patrio. Vigens. Ingenio. Novumque. Decus. Jam. Addens. Paterno. Suis. Carissimus. Patriae. Flebilis. Lenta. Tabe. Consumptus. Periit. Anno. Aetatis.