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We shall probably not be wrong in referring many of the Valentinian quotations given by Irenaeus to Ptolemaeus and Heracleon. By the first writer we also have extant an Epistle to a disciple called Flora, which has been preserved by Epiphanius. This Epistle, which there is no reason to doubt, contains unequivocal references to our first Gospel. Epistle to Flora. Epiph. Haer. 217 A. Ibid. 217 D.
We have, in general, followed the Babylonian compilation, which seems most natural. Cf. Epiph., Adv. Hær., xvi. 1. It is easy to understand the antipathy which, in such an impassioned state of society, must necessarily break out between Jesus and persons of this character. Jesus recognized only the religion of the heart, whilst that of the Pharisees consisted almost exclusively in observances.
The narrative of Luke on the census of Quirinus implies an anachronism. See ante, p. 81, note 4. It is natural to suppose, besides, that the legend may have laid hold of this circumstance. The census made a great impression on the Jews, overturned their narrow ideas, and was remembered by them for a long period. Cf. Cf. Epiph., Adv.
If he had yielded to a mean rivalry, he would to-day have been forgotten in the crowd of sectaries of his time. By his self-abnegation he has attained a glorious and unique position in the religious pantheon of humanity. Cf. Epiph., Adv. Cf. Jesus, almost every year, went to Jerusalem for the feast of the passover.
The fundamental practice which characterized the sect of John, and gave it its name, has always had its centre in lower Chaldea, and constitutes a religion which is perpetuated there to the present day. Nat., v. 17; Epiph., Adv. Hist. Génér. des Langues Sémitiques, III. iv. 1; Journ. This practice was baptism, or total immersion.
If, then, a passage is found only in one of them, it is fair to conclude, not positively, but probably, that it is drawn from some special source of information that was not widely diffused. Matthew, from the Sermon on the Mount. Epiph. Haer. 72 A. Matt vii. 6. The transposition of clauses, such as we see here, is by no means an infrequent phenomenon.
This gave great offense. In these ill-reputed houses there was a risk of meeting bad society. We shall often see him thus, caring little to shock the prejudices of well-disposed persons, seeking to elevate the classes humiliated by the orthodox, and thus exposing himself to the liveliest reproaches of the zealots. Gospel of the Ebionites, in Epiph., Adv. Hær., xxx. 13.
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