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On this account vadimonia constituta should be translated as above 'appointments', and not 'bonds' or 'engagements' to appear in court. QUID ... SENES: sc. tibi videntur; 'what do you think of old men as lawyers, etc.? So without ellipsis, Fam. 9, 21, 1 quid tibi ego in epistulis videor?
Omnia quae curant meminerunt, vadimonia constituta, quis sibi, cui ipsi debeant. 22 Quid iuris consulti, quid pontifices, quid augures, quid philosophi senes? Quam multa meminerunt! Manent ingenia senibus, modo permaneat studium et industria, neque ea solum claris et honoratis viris, sed in vita etiam privata et quieta.
The plural vadimonia is here used because a number of suits is meant; the word constituta is chosen as a more general term than promissa, and as referring to the circumstances of both plaintiff and defendant. Strictly speaking, it is the presiding judge who vadimonia constituit.
As for the word, "consociata," James Gronovius was of opinion that Tacitus must have written "concinnata"; but not having the boldness, after the fashion of Justus Lipsius of making alterations, according to his own sweet pleasure, without the authority of manuscript or edition, he followed Beroaldi, who, as much puzzled as any of the subsequent editors, had substituted "constituta" for the nonsensical word in the blundering MS. "consciata," though common sense should have told him that "consociata" was meant, it being evident that the transcriber, infinitely more puzzled than the editors, for he could not have had the remotest conception of what he was doing, had merely omitted a vowel in his usual careless way.
Curious subterranean influences seem to have been at work to save the Senate from the infamy of restoring Ptolemy. Perhaps Cicero was concerned in this. Ad Quintum Fratrem, ii. 3. "Tito Annio devota et constituta hostia esse videtur." De Haruspicum responsis. Ibid. "Otium cum dignitate." Abridged from the Oratio pro Sextio. "Me germanum asinum fuisse."
Quorum non in sententia solum, sed etiam in nutu residebat auctoritas. Habet senectus, honorata praesertim, tantam auctoritatem, ut ea pluris sit quam omnes adulescentiae voluptates. XVIII. 62 Sed in omni oratione mementote eam me senectutem laudare, quae fundamentis adulescentiae constituta sit.
But he was then speaking against the Stoics, in the character of an Academician. The Stoics already derived from the decrees of God the prevision of events. For, as Cicero says in the same book: 'Sequitur porro nihil Deos ignorare, quod omnia ab iis sint constituta. And, according to my system, God, having seen the possible world that he desired to create, foresaw everything therein.
Nec uspiam aliquis regum in Scocia regnare solebat, nisi super eundem lapidem regium in accipiendum nomen prius sederet in Scona, sede vero superiori, videlicet Albaniae constituta regibus ab antiquis.
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