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The most splendid of all the Cyprian vases was found at Curium, and has been already represented in this volume. It is an amphora of large dimensions, ornamented in part with geometrical designs, in part with compartments, in which are represented horses and birds.
Origin of the architecture in rock dwellings Second style, a combination of the native rock with the ordinary wall Later on, the use of the native rock, discarded Employment of huge blocks of stone in the early walls Absence of cement Bevelling Occurrence of Cyclopian walls Several architectural members comprised in one block Phoenician shrines The Maabed and other shrines at Amrith Phoenician temples Temple of Paphos Adjuncts to temples Museum of Golgi Treasure chambers of Curium Walls of Phoenician towns Phoenician tombs Excavated chambers Chambers built of masonry Groups of chambers Colonnaded tomb Sepulchral monuments The Burdj-el-Bezzak The Kabr Hiram The two Meghazil Tomb with protected entrance Phoenician ornamentation Pillars and their capitals Cornices and mouldings Pavements in mosaic and alabaster False arches Summary.
Some candlesticks found in the Treasury of Curium, and a tripod from the same place, seem to deserve a short notice. The candlesticks stand upon a sort of short pillar as a base, above which is the blossom of a flower inverted, a favourite Phoenician ornament.
And the history of the place confirms this view, since Curium sided with Amathus and the Persians in the war of Onesilus. No doubt, like most of the other Phoenician cities in Cyprus, it was Hellenised gradually; but there must have been many centuries during which it was an emporium of Phoenician trade and a centre of Phoenician influence.
One, found by General Di Cesnola at Curium in Cyprus, exhibited at the two ends heads of lions, which seemed to threaten each other. The execution of the heads left nothing to be desired. Some others, found in Phoenicia Proper, in a state of extraordinary preservation, were of similar design, but, in the place of lions' heads, exhibited the heads of bull, with very short horns.
The ships of three Cyprian kings Pnytagoras, king of Salamis, Androcles, king of Amathus, and Pasicrates, king of Curium were at once run down and sunk. Many others were disabled; the rest fled, pursued by the Tyrians, and sought to reach the shore. All would probably have been lost, had not Alexander returned from his tent earlier than usual, and witnessed the Tyrian attack.
A vase in rock crystal, discovered at Curium, with a funnel and cover in gold, the latter attached by a fine gold chain to one of its handles, was doubtless a fine lady's favourite smelling bottle.
A single chamber in the treasury of Curium produced more than three hundred articles in silver and silver-gilt; the temple of Golgi yielded 228 votive statues; sites in Sardinia scarcely mentioned in antiquity have sufficed to fill whole museums with statuettes, rings, and scarabs.
Here, though, the ornamentation was sometimes merely by patterns or bands, there were occasionally real attempts to depict animal and human forms, which, if not very successful, still possess considerable interest. The noble amphora from Curium, figured by Di Cesnola, contains above forty representations of horses, and nearly as many of birds.
On the moral teachings of Epicurus consult Zeller, Stoics, Epicureans, and Sceptics, Ch. 19; Ueberweg, History of Philosophy, § 59; Guyan, La morale d'Épicure et ses rapports avec les doctrines contemporaines. CURIUM ... CORUNCANIUM: see n. on 15.
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